Some ribosome-related diseases:

Ribosomes in Neurological Disease

One of the hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases is the accumulation of protein inclusions and translational deficits might account for altered protein homeostasis with a toxic impact on cell functions and survival. Deficits in rRNA synthesis and processing have strong effects on neuronal function and survival, and multiple modalities account for their toxic impact. An imbalance in any of their biosynthetic steps may result in dysfunctional protein synthesis altering cellular homeostasis. It is somehow predictable that deficits in rRNA functions have severe consequences for the cells. Current evidence suggests that rRNA dysfunctions might affect the neurodegenerative process, for example, by highly specific and selective functions within the protein synthesis.

Ribosome and Cancer

The essential role of increased ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis in sustaining tumor cell growth and proliferation is well established. However, a number of recent studies suggest that both increased numbers and altered modifications of ribosomes drive tumorigenesis. Increased ribosomal DNA (rDNA) region instability, altered energy homeostasis, or altered protein homeostasis, the latter of which may result in proteotoxic stress, are all consequences of hyperactive ribosome biogenesis and can be harmful to normal cell development and survival.